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The Rif Dimashq clashes were a series of unrests and armed clashes in and around Damascus, the capital of Syria, from November 2011 till a stalemate in March 2012. The violence was part of the wider Syrian Civil War. Large pro-government and anti-government protests took place in the suburbs and center of Damascus, with the situation escalating when members of the Free Syrian Army started attacking military targets in November. It is claimed that in January 2012, parts of rural Damascus and the Damascus suburbs started to fall under opposition control. On 27 January 2012, the Syrian Army launched a military operation which retook the Damascus suburbs and the town of Zabadani with the offensive ending on 11 February. However, fighting still continued, when on 15 February FSA fighters were seen on the streets of a district in the Damascus centre, trying to recruit and mingling with opposition protesters. A few anti-government protests were still ongoing after the army offensive. On 12 March 2012, major clashes were reported in central Damascus between the FSA and Loyalist army for the first time. By April 2012 a fragile cease-fire was brokered by the UN peace envoy Kofi Annan. However, following the cease fire collapse, by July 2012, rebels erupted again into most Damascus suburbs and rural areas around the city, launching the Battle of Damascus, also known as Operation Volcano. == 2011 unrests and clashes == Large anti-government protests were shot at by "Shabiba", killing 23 protesters in a single day. More were killed in October and November.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/syria-forces-kill-three-in-damascus-protest-1.372140 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hPHSWcGclNM3GoFiJHIbjwz3BcbA?docId=CNG.e39574da76c565cc5f310844b7ae501d.941 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/45252656/ns/world_news-mideast_n_africa/#.TtX2nGF6DvI )〕 Ten more protesters were killed around Damascus, including a 14-year-old boy.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.yourmiddleeast.com/news/two-syrian-civilians-killed-in-city-of-homs_3142 )〕 Fourteen were killed in house-to-house raids and in protests in Damascus suburbs, and an activist in the eastern Damascus suburb of Harasta, who gave his name as Assem, said three deserters were killed after they abandoned military units which fired live ammunition at a demonstration of 1,500–2,000 people in the al-Zar neighbourhood. "Security police could not put down the demonstration. The eight soldiers defected when Republican Guards and the Fourth Armoured Division were sent in," he said.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/45252656/ns/world_news-mideast_n_africa/#.TtX2nGF6DvI )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rif Dimashq clashes (November 2011–March 2012)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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